Analysis of influenza surveillance from 2000 to 2007 in Gansu province / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the epidemical characteristics of influenza in Gansu province from 2000 to 2007, and to discuss the changes of the predominant strains of influenza virus. This study provide scientific basis for defending influenza effectively.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Influenza surveillance, collecting the pharyngeal swab specimens from influenza patients of national surveillance hospital and unsure influenza epidemic situations, inoculated on MDCK cell culture to obtain the influenza virus strains.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>2001.10-2007.12, collecting the 6383 specimens, 943 influenza virus strains were isolated, positive rate was 14.77%, 218 strains were A1 (H1N1 ), 352 strains were A3 (H3N2), 312 strains were B subtype of Victoria and 61 strains were B subtype of Yamagata. There were totally 61 outbreak of influenza-like cases were observed in Gansu Province during the last 5 years, 44 cases were isolated influenza virus, of 38 cases were caused by B subtype of Victoria virus strains, 3 cases were caused by H3N2, 2 cases were caused by B subtype of Yamagata virus strains, 1 cases were caused by H1N1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Influenza is active in human population. Influenza type A virus is predominant in winter and type B virus resulted in the outbreak in school and kidsgarden from March to June in the last 3 years.</p>

The epidemiological study on human immunodeficiency virus infection among paid blood donors living in Shandong provincial China Comprehensive Response Project Areas / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the current epidemic situation and high risk factors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among paid blood donors living in Shandong provincial China Comprehensive Response (CARES) Project Areas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All residents between 20 to 60 years old were selected from one or several counties in August 2003.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 19 HIV(+) infections among 661 subjects interviewed. HIV prevalence rate among paid blood donors was higher (3.98%) than that of others (0.48%) while HIV prevalence rate was higher in plasma donors (7.24%) than that in both plasma and full blood donors (2.90%). There was no infections identified in full blood donors. Donors who donated blood during 1994 - 1995 had a higher prevalence rate (7.07%) than those who started donation after 1995 and those began donation before 1993 (0.99%). The rate of condom use was lower among paid blood donors (13.72%) than that of others. There was a lower rate of voluntary HIV testing among paid blood donors than that of others.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The main high risk population of HIV infection were paid donors in CARES Project Areas, whose risk factor was plasma donation and were infected mainly before 1995. Both the rate of condom use and HIV testing were all very low, indicating that they knew little on HIV/AIDS and paid less attention to self-proctection. It is necessary to enhance HIV/AIDS health education and behavior intervention on paid blood donors.</p>

Study on the molecular epidemiology of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 in Shandong province / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the distribution of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) strains subtypes in Shandong province and to study their source in order to predict the epidemic trend.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Epidemiological investigation was made and 93 DNA fragments of HIV-1 env, gag, tat gene were amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction from people infected with HIV-1, in 2002 - 2003. Their C2-V3, P17/P24, 1st exon of tat and adjacent region were sequenced.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sequence analysis showed that there were 7 HIV-1 strains or circulating recombinant forms (CRFs), B' (n = 71), CRF01-AE (n = 9), CRF07-BC (n = 3), CRF08-BC (n = 3), B (n = 2), C (n = 2), CRF02-AG (n = 2). B' strains was the predominant which, covered 10 cities and 4 kinds of population including blood donors, blood receivers, spouses of the infected people and clients of the sex workers. CRF07-BC, CRF08-BC strains were identified in 5 cities, mainly from injecting drug users. CRF01-AE and other strains were found distributed in developed cities, among sex workers.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There were many kinds of subtypes and CRFs of HIV and their genomes which generated obvious variation in Shandong province, suggesting that they might facilitate the spread of the disease in Shandong province.</p>